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Nonionic contrast media iohexol and iomeprol decrease renal arterial tone: comparative studies on human and porcine

Michael Uder1, Ulrich Humke, Markus Pahl

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany. rauder@med-rz.uni-saarland.de

Investigative Radiology
|July 26, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonionic radiographic contrast media (RCM) like iomeprol and iohexol relaxed isolated renal arteries, contradicting the theory that RCM directly causes vasoconstriction and kidney damage. Further research is needed to understand other factors affecting renal blood flow.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Pharmacology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy is a significant clinical concern.
  • Vasoconstriction of renal arteries is a suspected mechanism.
  • Iodinated radiographic contrast media (RCM) may directly affect vascular smooth muscle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro effect of nonionic RCM (iomeprol and iohexol) on isolated human and porcine renal arteries.
  • To determine if RCM directly causes vasoconstriction or relaxation of renal arteries.

Main Methods:

  • Isolated human and porcine renal arterial rings were used in organ bath experiments.
  • Vessels were either uncontracted or precontracted with phenylephrine.
  • Increasing concentrations of iohexol, iomeprol, and an isoosmolar mannitol solution were applied.
  • Experiments were conducted with and without an intact endothelium.

Main Results:

  • Iomeprol and iohexol demonstrated significant relaxation of human renal arterial rings.
  • Mannitol solution induced concentration-dependent contractions.
  • RCM-induced relaxation was more pronounced in precontracted vessels.
  • Endothelium integrity did not affect the relaxation response to RCM.
  • Porcine renal arteries showed similar, but stronger, relaxations compared to human vessels.

Conclusions:

  • Nonionic RCM (iomeprol and iohexol) cause relaxation, not contraction, of isolated renal arterial segments.
  • These findings challenge the hypothesis that RCM directly induces nephropathy via vasoconstriction.
  • Other factors, such as hormone liberation, may contribute to reduced renal blood flow and nephropathy.