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Intrapulpal temperature changes during root surface irradiation with an 809-nm GaAlAs laser
Matthias Kreisler1, Haitham Al-Haj, Bernd D'Hoedt
1Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. matthiaskreisler@web.de
Summary
Diode laser irradiation of human root surfaces can elevate intrapulpal temperatures, potentially harming pulp vitality. Limiting laser power and irradiation time is crucial for safe clinical application.
Area of Science:
- Dental materials science
- Biomedical engineering
- Laser dentistry
Background:
- Diode lasers are increasingly used in dental procedures.
- Understanding the thermal effects of diode lasers on tooth pulp is essential for patient safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate in vitro the potential for diode laser irradiation of human root surfaces to cause harmful intrapulpal temperature increases.
- To assess the risk to pulp vitality posed by diode laser root surface treatments.
Main Methods:
- Human incisors were used, with root canals prepared to a size #60 file.
- Dentin thickness between the root surface and pulp was controlled at 1, 2, and 3 mm.
- Intrapulpal temperatures were measured using K-type thermocouples during irradiation with an 809 nm GaAlAs diode laser (0.5–2.5 W, continuous wave) for up to 120 seconds.
Main Results:
- Intrapulpal temperature elevations ranged from 0.5 to 32.0 degrees C, dependent on laser energy and time.
- Dentin thickness significantly influenced temperature changes, with thinner dentin leading to higher elevations (P <.05).
Conclusions:
- Diode laser irradiation of root surfaces carries a risk of jeopardizing pulp vitality.
- Recommendations for safe clinical use include limiting power to 0.5 W and time to 10 seconds for lower incisors and first maxillary premolars.
- For other teeth, power should not exceed 1.0 W with a 10-second exposure limit to ensure safety.