Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2026
12:18
Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Published on: February 10, 2011
Facial cellulitis in childhood: a changing spectrum
Randall G Fisher1, Daniel K Benjamin
1Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Southern Medical Journal
|July 30, 2002
Summary
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) buccal cellulitis has significantly decreased following vaccination. Current facial cellulitis in children is primarily linked to trauma, dental issues, or sinusitis, with pneumococcal infections being rare.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Facial cellulitis, particularly buccal cellulitis, was historically associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).
- The introduction of conjugated Hib vaccination aimed to reduce Hib-related infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the incidence and causes of facial cellulitis before and after the implementation of Hib vaccination.
- To determine the etiological shifts in facial cellulitis in pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of patient records diagnosed with facial cellulitis or oral cavity infections.
- Comparison of cellulitis rates between two decades using Fisher's exact test.
Main Results:
- Trauma was the leading cause of facial cellulitis in both pre- and post-vaccination periods.
- Buccal cellulitis cases decreased from 28% to 0% after Hib vaccination.
- Facial cellulitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae was not observed in either period.
Conclusions:
- Hib-associated buccal cellulitis is now rare, indicating vaccine effectiveness.
- Recent pediatric facial cellulitis is predominantly linked to trauma, dental problems, or severe sinusitis.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon cause of facial cellulitis.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:23Skin Diseases and Disorders
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
01:30Tonsillitis I: Introduction
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
01:26Tonsillitis II: Management
This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
01:29Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
01:27Acne Infection
Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
01:22Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...