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Match quality, new information, and marital dissolution.

Y Weiss, R J Willis

    Journal of Labor Economics
    |January 1, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary

    Unexpected changes in earning capacity significantly impact marital dissolution. An increase in husband's earnings stabilizes marriage, while a wife's increased earnings raise divorce risk in the U.S.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sociology
    • Economics
    • Family Studies

    Background:

    • Marital dissolution is a complex phenomenon influenced by various socioeconomic factors.
    • Understanding the role of financial changes within a marriage is crucial for predicting stability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how financial "surprises"—unexpected changes in earning capacity—affect the likelihood of divorce in the United States.
    • To analyze the differential impact of husbands' versus wives' earning capacity changes on marital stability.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS72).
    • Employed survival analysis techniques to model the hazard rate of divorce.
    • Defined "surprises" as deviations from predicted earning capacities for both spouses.
    Keywords:
    AmericasBiologyData AnalysisDemographic FactorsDeveloped CountriesDivorceEconomic FactorsFactor AnalysisIncomeMarriageNorth AmericaNorthern AmericaNuptialityPopulationPopulation DynamicsResearch MethodologyRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsSocioeconomic StatusTime FactorsUnited States

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    Main Results:

    • An unexpected increase in a husband's earning capacity was found to decrease the hazard of divorce.
    • Conversely, an unexpected increase in a wife's earning capacity was associated with an increased hazard of divorce.
    • Marriage duration, presence of children, and high property levels were identified as factors that stabilize marriages.

    Conclusions:

    • Financial surprises, particularly those benefiting the husband, play a significant role in marital dissolution.
    • The findings suggest asymmetric effects of spousal earning capacity changes on divorce risk.
    • Initial sorting into marriage based on stability-enhancing characteristics, alongside factors like children and assets, contributes to long-term marital stability.