Immunolocalization of a human cementoblastoma-conditioned medium-derived protein

Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the cementogenesis process, because specific cementum markers are not yet available. To investigate whether a cementoblastoma-conditioned medium-derived protein (CP) could be useful as a cementum biological marker, we studied its expression and distribution in human periodontal tissues, human periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementoblastoma-derived cells. In human periodontal tissues, immunoreactivity to anti-CP was observed throughout the cementoid phase of acellular and cellular cementum, cementoblasts, cementocytes, cells located in the endosteal spaces of human alveolar bone, and in cells in the periodontal ligament located near the blood vessels. Immunopurified CP promoted cell attachment on human periodontal ligament, alveolar bone-derived cells, and gingival fibroblasts. A monoclonal antibody against bovine cementum attachment protein (CAP) cross-reacted with CP. These findings indicate that CP identifies potential cementoblast progenitor cells, is immunologically related to CAP species, and serves as a biological marker for cementum.