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Related Experiment Videos

Viral sequences integrated into plant genomes.

Glyn Harper1, Roger Hull, Ben Lockhart

  • 1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, United Kingdom. Glyn.harper@bbsrc.ac.uk

Annual Review of Phytopathology
|July 31, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Plant viral DNA sequences integrate into host genomes, with some pararetroviruses like BSV, TVCV, and PVCV capable of causing episomal infections under stress. This viral DNA integration is widespread and ancient in the plant kingdom.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Virology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Viral DNA sequences are frequently integrated into plant genomes.
  • These integrated viral sequences, or integrants, exist in two forms: those capable of episomal infection and those that are not.
  • Pararetroviruses, including Banana streak virus (BSV), Tobacco vein clearing virus (TVCV), and Petunia vein clearing virus (PVCV), have integrants that can cause episomal infections in specific hybrid plant hosts, particularly under stress conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and behavior of integrated viral DNA sequences in plant genomes.
  • To understand the conditions under which integrated pararetroviral sequences can lead to active, episomal infections.
  • To explore the prevalence and evolutionary history of viral DNA integration in plants.

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Main Methods:

  • Analysis of integrated viral DNA sequences in various plant hosts.
  • Investigation of the structural complexity of viral integrants.
  • Study of the mechanisms, such as recombination and reverse transcription, potentially involved in releasing episomal viruses from integrants.

Main Results:

  • Integrants of BSV, TVCV, and PVCV can generate episomal infections in certain hybrid plants upon stress.
  • In BSV and TVCV, integrants are present in one parent but not activated, while the other parent lacks the integrant.
  • Integrant loci numbers vary (low for BSV and PVCV, high for TVCV), and their complex structure suggests recombination or reverse transcription is involved in episomal virus release.

Conclusions:

  • Viral DNA integration into plant genomes is a widespread and ancient phenomenon.
  • Integrated pararetroviral sequences represent a reservoir for potential viral infections, especially in hybrid plants under stress.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between viral genomes, host genomes, and environmental factors in plant disease.