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Streptococcus gallinaceus sp. nov., from chickens.

Matthew D Collins1, Roger A Hutson, Enevold Falsen

  • 1School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK. m.d.collins@reading.ac.uk

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
|August 1, 2002
PubMed
Summary

A novel bacterium, Streptococcus gallinaceus sp. nov., was identified from broiler chickens experiencing septicaemia. This Gram-positive coccus represents a new lineage within the Streptococcus genus.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Bacterial Taxonomy
  • Poultry Diseases

Background:

  • An outbreak of septicaemia occurred in adult broiler parent chickens.
  • Three Gram-positive, catalase-negative, chain-forming cocci isolates were obtained from affected birds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and classify the unknown bacterial isolates from the septicaemia outbreak.
  • To determine the phylogenetic position of the novel bacterium within the Streptococcus genus.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic characterization including biochemical tests.
  • Molecular taxonomic methods, specifically 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • Comparative phylogenetic analysis with known Streptococcus species.

Main Results:

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  • The isolates represented a distinct subline within the Streptococcus genus, related to but separate from S. acidominimus, S. ovis, and S. suis.
  • Biochemical tests effectively differentiated the unknown bacterium from all recognized streptococcal species.
  • Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the isolates as a novel species.

Conclusions:

  • The novel bacterium isolated from chickens is proposed to be classified as Streptococcus gallinaceus sp. nov.
  • This classification is supported by distinct phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence.
  • Streptococcus gallinaceus represents a new species within the Streptococcus genus, identified in poultry.