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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Assessing the Apical Pulse
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The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
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Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
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Sacrospinous Hysteropexy With Mesh vs Vaginal Hysterectomy for Treatment of Uterovaginal Prolapse: 10-Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip
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Surgery for apical vaginal prolapse.

Marie Fidela R Paraiso1

  • 1Department of OBGYN and the Urological Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. paraism@ccf.org

Current Women'S Health Reports
|August 2, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Site-specific surgical repairs for vaginal apex prolapse and enterocele are evolving. Procedures can be done abdominally, vaginally, or laparoscopically, with advancements improving pelvic reconstruction outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Urogynecology and reconstructive pelvic surgery.

Background:

  • Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse, specifically vaginal apex prolapse and enterocele, is increasingly focused on site-specific defect repair.
  • Technological advancements are significantly influencing the evolution of pelvic reconstructive procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current surgical approaches for vaginal apex prolapse and enterocele.
  • To review the uterosacral vaginal vault suspension and laparoscopic sacral colpopexy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of surgical techniques for vaginal apex prolapse and enterocele repair.
  • Description of abdominal, vaginal, and laparoscopic surgical routes.
  • Summary of uterosacral vaginal vault suspension and laparoscopic sacral colpopexy.

Main Results:

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  • Site-specific defect repair is a growing trend in surgical management.
  • Multiple surgical routes (abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic) are available for these procedures.
  • Technological progress facilitates improved reconstructive techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical repair of vaginal apex prolapse and enterocele emphasizes site-specific defect correction.
  • Uterosacral vaginal vault suspension and laparoscopic sacral colpopexy represent key advancements in pelvic reconstruction.