[Etiology and diagnostic problems in pregnant women with uterine myomas]

Authors present different aspects of coexistence of uterine myomas with pregnancy. In the article special attention was given to etiology, complications and practical methods of treating pregnant women.

The occurrence of uterine myomas is connected with the period of hormonal activity of the ovaries, so with the female reproductive age. Uterine myomas are tumors whose actions are dependent on hormonal action of estrogens which are often characterized by acceleration of growth especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. The dynamics of uterine myomas is specifically different and independent of neither the original size nor localisation of the myomas. During the antenatal period together with the involutional changes of the uterine muscle there is an observed decrease in the size of the myomas.

Based on literature, the effect of uterine myomas on fertility of women, pregnancy follow-up, development of foetus and occurrence of perinatal complications was analysed. The diagnostic methods as well as procedures underwent analysis depending on the localisation of the changes. The effect of nonpharmacological and surgical therapy were compared in pregnant women and those planning to conceive.

In modern obstetrics, pregnancy complications as a result of uterine myomas is still actual and there is a lot of controversy on this topic. This is because up until now, there is no generalised opinion on therapeutic procedures and ways of resolving pregnancy complicated by the presence of uterine myomas.