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Statistics in epidemiology: the case-control study.

N E Breslow

    Journal of the American Statistical Association
    |March 1, 1996
    PubMed
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    This review covers case-control study methods in epidemiology, highlighting statistical thinking

    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Biostatistics

    Background:

    • Case-control studies are fundamental in disease causation and prevention research.
    • Statistical methodologies have significantly evolved, influencing epidemiological study designs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review major trends in case-control methods.
    • To highlight the impact of statistical thinking on epidemiological study designs.
    • To discuss challenges like measurement error and confounding bias.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical and recent developments in case-control study designs.
    • Discussion of statistical contributions, including R. A. Fisher's influence.
    • Illustrative examples using smoking and lung cancer data.

    Main Results:

    Keywords:
    BehaviorBiasCancerDiseasesEpidemiologyError SourcesHealthLiterature ReviewMeasurementNeoplasmsPublic HealthResearch MethodologySmokingWorld

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Case-control methods have seen significant conceptual and developmental advancements.
    • Nested case-control, case-cohort, and two-stage designs show statistical thinking's impact.
    • Historical objections underscore persistent issues of bias and error.

    Conclusions:

    • Case-control methodology continues to be refined through statistical innovation.
    • Understanding and mitigating measurement error and confounding bias remain critical.
    • The evolution of these methods is essential for accurate disease causation and prevention studies.