Estimating heterogeneity in the probabilities of enumeration for dual-system estimation

"We show how conditional logistic regression can be used to estimate the probability of being enumerated in a census and apply the model to the 1990 Post-Enumeration Survey (PES) in the United States.... We discuss some special problems caused by the fact that the PES sample area is open to migration between the captures. We also consider the effect of data errors in estimation. We characterize hard-to-enumerate populations and give some tentative estimates of correlation bias."