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AIDS in El Salvador.

A B Martinez De Quintanilla

    Links (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 1, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary

    The first AIDS case in El Salvador was reported in 1985. By 1991, over 500 HIV cases were identified nationwide, with increasing blood donor seropositivity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • The initial diagnosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in El Salvador occurred in October 1985.
    • The epidemic has predominantly affected men, with 81% of cases at Rosales Hospital being male.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document the epidemiology of AIDS and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in El Salvador.
    • To identify risk factors and demographic trends associated with HIV/AIDS in the region.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective case review of patients diagnosed with AIDS at Rosales Hospital.
    • Analysis of national HIV seropositivity data and blood donor screening results up to September 1991.

    Main Results:

    Keywords:
    Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAge FactorsAmericasBehaviorBiologyCentral AmericaChildDemographic FactorsDeveloping CountriesDiseasesEl SalvadorHiv InfectionsIncidence--changesLatin AmericaMeasurementNorth AmericaPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsProstitutesResearch MethodologyRisk FactorsSex BehaviorSocial ProblemsSubstance AddictionViral DiseasesYouth

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  • 110 AIDS cases were reported at Rosales Hospital, with 54% reporting heterosexual contact and 61% citing multiple sexual partners.
  • Travel history revealed significant links to the United States (33%) and Honduras (12%).
  • National HIV seropositivity reached 504 cases by September 1991, with a notable increase in blood donor seropositivity from 0% in 1988 to 0.265% in 1991.

    • Conclusions:

    • HIV/AIDS transmission in El Salvador is associated with heterosexual contact, multiple partners, and travel, particularly to the US.
    • The rising seropositivity rates, including among blood donors, indicate a growing public health concern.
    • Further surveillance and targeted interventions are crucial to control the spread of HIV/AIDS in El Salvador.