Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Outlets, drinking and driving: a multilevel analysis of availability.

Paul J Gruenewald1, Fred W Johnson, Andrew J Treno

  • 1Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, California 94704, USA.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol
|August 6, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Higher alcohol outlet density, especially restaurants, is linked to increased drinking frequency and driving after drinking. Preferred drinking locations combined with drinking patterns most strongly influence driving after drinking and driving while intoxicated, raising accident risks.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Variability in drinking quantities related to impaired control and pharmacological criteria for lifetime alcohol use disorder.

Addictive behaviors·2026
Same author

Does making early evening social plans impact alcohol use outcomes over evening hours?

Drug and alcohol dependence·2025
Same author

Impacts of impaired control and pharmacological criteria for lifetime alcohol use disorder on relationships between drinking and problems.

Drug and alcohol dependence·2025
Same author

Alcohol and cannabis use and co-use among Whites and Hispanics on and off the U.S./Mexico border in California.

Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse·2024
Same author

Drinking and driving among Whites and Hispanics on and off the US/Mexico border in California.

Traffic injury prevention·2023
Same author

Micro-temporal analyses of crime related to alcohol outlets: A comparison of outcomes over weekday, weekend, daytime and nighttime hours.

Drug and alcohol review·2023

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Substance Abuse Research

Background:

  • Alcohol outlet density is a key environmental factor influencing alcohol consumption and related harms.
  • Understanding the relationship between alcohol availability, drinking behaviors, and impaired driving is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between alcohol outlet density and individual drinking patterns, preferred drinking locations, and driving after drinking (DAD) and driving while intoxicated (DWI).
  • To determine how individual drinking patterns and preferred drinking locations interact with outlet density to influence DAD and DWI.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a general-population telephone survey of 7,826 drinkers across 1,353 California zip code areas.
  • Employed hierarchical linear modeling to analyze the relationship between geographic measures of alcohol outlet densities (bars, restaurants, off-premises) and self-reported drinking patterns and driving behaviors.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Defined DAD as driving within 4 hours of consuming alcohol; DWI as driving while impaired.

    • Main Results:

    • Restaurant densities positively correlated with increased drinking frequency and DAD.
    • Bar densities showed an inverse relationship with DAD.
    • No direct link was found between drinking patterns and drinking and driving; however, the combination of drinking location preference and drinking frequency significantly predicted DAD and DWI.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased restaurant density is a significant predictor of higher drinking frequency and DAD.
    • The interplay between preferred drinking location and individual drinking patterns is the most influential factor for DAD and DWI.
    • Combined effects of outlet density, drinking location preference, and drinking patterns elevate the risk of DAD and potential alcohol-related accidents.