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Related Experiment Videos

REM sleep atonia: from basic background to clinical application.

J Kohyama1

  • 1Division of Human Ontogeny and Childhood Development, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, Japan. jkohyama.ped@tmd.ac.jp

Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences
|August 7, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Muscle tone suppression during REM sleep is measured by two indices. Tonic inhibition index (TII) increases with age, while phasic inhibition index (PII) decreases, suggesting distinct developmental pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Muscle atonia is a hallmark of REM sleep.
  • Quantifying muscle tone suppression during REM sleep is crucial for understanding neurological control.
  • Age-related changes in sleep physiology are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate two novel indices for quantifying muscle tone suppression during REM sleep: the tonic inhibition index (TII) and the phasic inhibition index (PII).
  • To investigate the developmental trajectories of TII and PII throughout human maturation.
  • To hypothesize about the underlying neural mechanisms controlling muscle tone during REM sleep.

Main Methods:

  • Development of TII to measure chin muscle activity duration.

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  • Development of PII to assess the reduction in chin muscle activity related to eye movements.
  • Analysis of age-related changes in TII and PII across different age groups.

    • Main Results:

    • TII significantly increased with age, reaching adult levels around 12.3 years.
    • PII significantly decreased with age, reaching adult levels around 0.4 years.
    • A significant divergence in maturation timelines for TII and PII was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The distinct maturation patterns of TII and PII suggest the involvement of at least two independent neural systems controlling muscle tone during REM sleep.
    • Age-related increases in tonic and phasic inhibition during REM sleep are linked to the maturation of these independent systems.
    • Brainstem inhibitory/facilitatory centers may play a role in both REM sleep muscle control and wakefulness muscle activity.