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Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice
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Intravenous rifampicin in neonates with persistent staphylococcal bacteraemia

A Shama1, S K Patole, J S Whitehall

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Kirwan Hospital for Women, Townsville, QLD, Australia.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|August 7, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Intravenous rifampin effectively clears persistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CONS) bacteremia in high-risk neonates. Adding rifampin to vancomycin treatment demonstrated rapid bacterial clearance with no observed adverse effects.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Persistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CONS) bacteremia poses a significant risk in high-risk neonates.
  • Standard vancomycin treatment can lead to prolonged infection duration and potential bacterial resistance.
  • Intravenous (IV) vancomycin was administered at 15 mg/kg/24 h with monitored peak and trough concentrations.

Observation:

  • Four high-risk neonates (mean birthweight 823 g, mean gestation 25 wk) with persistent CONS bacteremia (>7-10 days) were studied.
  • Neonates aged 2-11 days received IV rifampicin (10 mg/kg/12 h for 10 days) in addition to vancomycin.
  • Blood isolates included Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. hominis, and S. haemolyticus.

Findings:

  • Addition of IV rifampicin led to prompt clearance of bacteremia within 48 hours in three neonates and within 5 days in one neonate.
  • No rifampicin-related adverse effects, such as abnormal liver function tests or thrombocytopenia, were observed.
  • The combination therapy demonstrated efficacy in treating persistent CONS bacteremia.

Implications:

  • IV rifampin may optimize treatment outcomes for persistent CONS bacteremia in neonates.
  • Combining rifampin with vancomycin could mitigate the risk of bacterial resistance associated with prolonged vancomycin exposure.
  • This therapeutic approach warrants further investigation for managing neonatal staphylococcal infections.
Abstract

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