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Published on: April 1, 2018
Use of psychostimulant medication for ADHD in South Australia
Robert Reid1, Paul Hakendorf, Brenton Prosser
1Department of Special Education, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0732, USA. Rreid2@unl.edu
Objective:
A retrospective analysis of archival data on psychostimulant prescriptions from South Australia for the period 1990 to 2000 for 5,189 youths from birth to age 18 years was conducted.
Method:
A person-based data set was used to assess (1) rate of new prescriptions by age group, (2) demographic characteristics (age of psychostimulant start, male-to-female ratio), (3) duration of psychostimulant use, and (4) geographic variation in psychostimulant prescription.
Results:
Four major findings were observed: (1) the rate of new prescriptions increased dramatically until 1995 but is now declining; (2) demographic characteristics and changes over time mirror those observed in the United States; (3) median duration of psychostimulant use (for a subset of 1,688 children) was approximately 2.5 years; and (4) there was a significant correlation between geographic location and prescription rate.
Conclusions:
The patterns of psychostimulant use in Australia closely parallel U.S. patterns. Physicians'prescribing practices may be extremely volatile. Duration of medication treatment should receive increased attention. There is pronounced geographic variability in prescription rates which may be related to socioeconomic status.
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Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.