Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Chloroform: exposure estimation, hazard characterization, and exposure-response analysis.

M E Meek1, R Beauchamp, G Long

  • 1Existing Substances Division, Environmental Health Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews
|August 7, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Chloroform exposure in Canada, primarily from indoor air and tap water, poses potential health risks. This study used a pharmacokinetic model to estimate cancer risk and non-cancer effects from environmental exposure.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Expert panel evaluation of the tumor modes of action for 1,4-dioxane and their implications for human risk assessment.

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP·2025
Same author

Metal mobilisation and fines migration in pure CO<sub>2</sub> and impure CO<sub>2</sub>-SO<sub>2</sub>-NO reactions of carbon storage site core.

The Science of the total environment·2024
Same author

[Analysis of the relationship between intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria and rotavirus infection in children].

Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics·2024
Same author

Registry-derived stage (RD-Stage) for capturing cancer stage at diagnosis for endometrial cancer.

BMC cancer·2023
Same author

[The association between <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> virulence factor genotypes and gastroduodenal diseases in children].

Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics·2023
Same author

[The relationship between genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 and the efficacy of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication therapy in children].

Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics·2023

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Chloroform is a Priority Substance under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act.
  • General population exposure in Canada occurs via inhalation of indoor air (showering) and ingestion of tap water.
  • Animal studies indicate chloroform can cause hepatic, renal, and nasal tumors, as well as non-neoplastic effects like cytotoxicity and regenerative proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate human health risks, specifically cancer and non-cancer effects, associated with chloroform exposure in Canada.
  • To characterize dose-response relationships for chloroform's carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects.
  • To compare estimated human exposure levels with toxicological thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a hybrid physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) animal model, extended to humans.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Estimated the mean rate of metabolism in humans associated with a 5% increase in tumor risk (TC05).
  • Compared PBPK model outputs with multimedia exposure scenarios for the Canadian population and directly compared lowest observed effect levels with estimated indoor air concentrations.

    • Main Results:

    • The PBPK model provided estimates for cancer risk (TC05) and non-cancer effects (e.g., fatty cysts, nasal lesions).
    • Calculated tissue dose measures from 24-h multimedia exposure scenarios were compared against these toxicological endpoints.
    • Lowest concentrations inducing cytotoxicity and cellular proliferation in animal models were compared to estimated Canadian indoor air concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides quantitative estimates of chloroform's health risks for the Canadian population based on environmental exposure.
    • The findings highlight the importance of understanding metabolic rates and tissue doses in assessing chemical risks.
    • Identified uncertainties in exposure and hazard characterization, emphasizing the need for continued research and risk management.