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Obesity in Malaysia.

M N Ismail1, S S Chee, H Nawawi

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala, Lumpur. mismail@medic.ukm.my

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|August 8, 2002
PubMed
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Malaysian adults show rising overweight and obesity rates, with significant ethnic and gender differences. A national strategy is crucial to address dietary and activity factors contributing to this escalating health issue.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nutrition Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rising rates of overweight and obesity in Malaysian adults present a significant public health concern.
  • Ethnic and gender disparities in body weight and associated health risks are evident within the Malaysian population.
  • Understanding energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) and physical activity levels is critical for addressing weight gain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess recent data on Malaysian adult body weights, focusing on ethnic differences in overweight and obesity.
  • To examine associations between body weight, comorbid risk factors (coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes), and ethnic variations.
  • To investigate energy intake, expenditure, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and physical activity in normal-weight urban and rural Malaysian populations.

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Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the 1996 National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) involving nearly 29,000 adults.
  • Comparative study of energy intake, BMR, and physical activity levels (PALs) in 409 healthy adults across different ethnicities and locations.
  • Assessment of obesity prevalence and risk factors in 609 rural Malaysians using Body Mass Index (BMI) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Main Results:

  • Overall prevalence of overweight was 20.7% and obesity was 5.8% in Malaysian adults, with higher rates in women.
  • Significant ethnic variations in obesity prevalence were observed: Indian and Malay women had higher rates than Chinese women; Chinese men had higher rates than Malay and Indian men.
  • Energy intake varied by ethnicity and gender, with higher fat intake in Chinese and urban populations. Indians showed the highest PALs, while Dayak men and Chinese women were less active.

Conclusions:

  • Malaysian adults are increasingly affected by 'Western' health problems like obesity, extending from urban to rural areas.
  • Ethnic and gender-specific factors influence energy intake and physical activity, contributing to weight gain.
  • A comprehensive national strategy targeting dietary habits and physical activity is urgently needed to combat the escalating obesity epidemic in Malaysia.