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Related Experiment Videos

HPV innate immunity.

Craig D Woodworth1

  • 1Biology Department, Science Center, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA. woodworth@clarkson.edu

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|August 8, 2002
PubMed
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) evades the innate immune system, hindering its ability to clear infections. This immune evasion by HPV contributes to persistent infections and increased risk for cervical cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common infection, with high-risk types being a significant factor in cervical cancer development.
  • The innate immune system is the primary defense against pathogens, including HPV, and primes the adaptive immune response.
  • Effective innate immunity is crucial for preventing HPV infections and controlling associated malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which HPV evades innate immune recognition and elimination.
  • To understand how HPV-infected cells subvert immune responses, leading to persistent infections.
  • To explore the role of innate immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, in controlling HPV.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of HPV gene expression in infected keratinocytes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigation of HPV early proteins' effects on innate immune signaling pathways (e.g., interferon signaling).
  • Assessment of NK cell and macrophage activity against HPV-infected cells.

    • Main Results:

    • HPV-infected cells avoid detection by downregulating viral antigen expression and preventing inflammatory responses.
    • HPV early proteins (E6, E7, E5) actively inhibit innate immune functions, including interferon signaling and MHC class I expression.
    • While HPV-infected cells resist lysis by standard NK cells, they are susceptible to cytokine-activated NK cells and activated macrophages.

    Conclusions:

    • HPV employs sophisticated strategies to evade innate immune surveillance and elimination.
    • Inhibition of interferon signaling and MHC class I expression by HPV proteins are key evasion mechanisms.
    • Despite evasion tactics, activated innate immune cells like NK cells and macrophages show potential in controlling HPV infections and preventing cancer development.