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Horizontal gene transfer in microbial genome evolution.

Ravi Jain1, Maria C Rivera, Jonathan E Moore

  • 1Molecular Biology Institute, University of Californnia, Los Angeles 90095, USA.

Theoretical Population Biology
|August 9, 2002
PubMed
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Horizontal gene transfer, the exchange of DNA between species, significantly impacts microbial evolution. Genome studies reveal extensive gene sharing across diverse prokaryotes, challenging traditional clonal evolution models.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Traditionally, microorganisms were believed to evolve clonally, with genes passed from parent to daughter cells.
  • Recent genomic studies challenge this view by revealing extensive gene exchange among different species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in microbial evolution.
  • To present evidence for widespread inter-organismal gene exchange based on genomic data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of complete microbial genomes.
  • Comparative genomics to identify genes shared across diverse prokaryotes.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences, including 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Main Results:

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  • Microbial genomes contain genes closely related to distantly related prokaryotes.
  • Evidence suggests significant lateral gene movement across vast phylogenetic distances.
  • Complete genome analysis provides a different perspective on microbial evolution compared to single-gene studies.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal gene transfer is a major force shaping microbial evolution.
  • The clonal evolution model is insufficient to explain the genetic diversity observed in microorganisms.
  • Genomic data necessitates a revised understanding of evolutionary pathways, incorporating extensive gene sharing.