Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

48.7K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
48.7K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

10.2K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.2K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

8.6K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
8.6K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

2.7K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.7K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.3K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.3K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

961
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
961

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Human short-latency ocular vergence responses produced by interocular velocity differences.

Journal of vision·2016
Same author

Anisotropy in spatial summation properties of human Ocular-Following Response (OFR).

Vision research·2015
Same author

Rhythms as photoperiodic timers in the control of flowring in Chenopodium rubrum L.

Planta·2014
Same author

The role of phytochrome in photoperiodic time measurement and its relation to rhythmic timekeeping in the control of flowering in Chenopodium rubrum.

Planta·2014
Same author

Retinal visual processing constrains human ocular following response.

Vision research·2013
Same author

Spatial summation properties of the human ocular following response (OFR): dependence upon the spatial frequency of the stimulus.

Vision research·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye
07:37

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye

Published on: May 27, 2009

13.9K

An unexpected specialization for horizontal disparity in primate primary visual cortex.

B G Cumming1

  • 1Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, USA. bgc@lsr.nei.nih.gov

Nature
|August 9, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Neurons in the brain

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Processing
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Binocular vision relies on horizontal separation of eyes, creating horizontal binocular disparity.
  • Previous studies on disparity-selective neurons often used unidirectional disparities, limiting understanding of specialization.
  • It remains unclear if disparity selectivity is specific to naturally occurring horizontal disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether disparity-selective neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) are specialized for processing horizontal disparity.
  • To characterize the response surface of these neurons across two-dimensional disparity (horizontal and vertical).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized random dot stereograms with varied horizontal and vertical disparities.

More Related Videos

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

7.9K
Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye
07:37

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye

Published on: May 27, 2009

13.9K
Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

7.9K
Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

10.4K
  • Recorded from disparity-selective neurons in the V1 of awake, fixating monkeys.
  • Analyzed neuronal responses as a function of two-dimensional disparity.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuronal response surfaces typically showed elongation along the horizontal disparity axis.
    • Neurons modulated firing rates more across horizontal disparity than vertical disparity, even with isotropic stimuli.
    • Demonstrated a specialization for processing horizontal disparity in V1 neurons.

    Conclusions:

    • Disparity-selective neurons in V1 are specialized for processing horizontal binocular disparity.
    • Current models of disparity selectivity require significant revision to account for this specialization.
    • This finding has implications for understanding depth perception and visual system organization.