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Melatonin (an antioxidant) does not ameliorate alcohol-induced Purkinje cell loss in the developing cerebellum
Russell B Edwards1, Ehrine J P Manzana, Wei-Jung A Chen
1Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Neurobiology (RBE, W-JAC), College of Medicine, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, USA.
Background:
One popular mechanism proposed to account for alcohol-induced brain damage is the generation of free radicals after alcohol exposure. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that administration of an antioxidant should reduce the severity of alcohol-induced brain damage. Recently, melatonin has been shown to be an effective free-radical scavenger. In this study, the ability of melatonin to attenuate alcohol-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellar vermis and lobule I was assessed.
Methods:
Sprague-Dawley rat pups were used in this study. These neonatal pups were exposed to alcohol (4.5 g/kg), melatonin (10 mg/kg), both alcohol and melatonin, or control vehicle via artificial-rearing methods from postnatal day (PD) 4 to PD 9. Alcohol, melatonin, or control vehicle was mixed with milk formula in 2 of the daily 12 feedings. Pups were killed 90 min after the beginning of the second alcohol feeding on PD 9.
Results:
Alcohol significantly reduced the Purkinje cell numbers in the vermis and lobule I, with a higher percentage of cell loss in lobule I compared with the vermis. However, melatonin, per se, neither affected the Purkinje cell number nor diminished alcohol-induced Purkinje cell loss.
Conclusions:
Melatonin was not effective in attenuating alcohol-induced loss of Purkinje cells in our neonatal rat model system, even though such a dosage of melatonin is capable of reversing free radical-induced damage in other tissues.