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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
Published on: May 1, 2018
An analysis of teaching and coaching behaviors of elite strength and conditioning coaches
C Dwayne Massey1, Mark W Maneval, Jerry Phillips
1The University of West Alabama, Livingston 35470, USA.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the coaching behaviors of 6 elite strength and conditioning coaches from the southern region of the United States. The Arizona State University Coaching Observation Instrument, consisting of 16 behavioral categories, was used for the collection of data. Each coach was observed and filmed on 3 occasions. All observations occurred in the respective team's weight training facility. The data collected in this study consisted of a percentage analysis of the observed coaching behaviors. The most frequently observed behaviors were silent monitoring (21.99%), management (14.62%), and hustle (11.12%). These results indicate that this population of strength and conditioning coaches was predominantly engaged in observation of their athletes (silent monitoring), organization of the weight training activity (management), and verbal statements to intensify effort (hustle). The results are similar to other studies with coaches who were also involved in individual rather than team sports.
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