Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

National, state and urban-area vaccination-coverage levels among children aged 19-35 months, United States, 1999

E T Luman1, L E Barker, D M Simpson

  • 1National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. ecl7@cdc.gov

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|August 15, 2002
PubMed

Insights

The 1999 National Immunization Survey (NIS) found high vaccination coverage rates nationally for most vaccines in children. However, coverage varied across states and urban areas, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunization Programs

Background:

  • Vaccination coverage assessment is crucial for the U.S. immunization program.
  • The National Immunization Survey (NIS) is the primary tool for measuring vaccination rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate vaccination coverage rates for children aged 19-35 months in 1999.
  • To provide national, state, and urban-area level coverage estimates for recommended vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the 1999 National Immunization Survey (NIS), a nationally representative sample.
  • Verified vaccination data through provider records.
  • Calculated coverage estimates for the nation, states, and selected urban areas.

Main Results:

  • National vaccination coverage estimates were high for most vaccines and demographic groups in 1999.
  • Coverage estimates varied significantly at the state and urban-area levels.
  • Results were analyzed by poverty status, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, and provider characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The 1999 NIS demonstrated generally high national vaccination coverage.
  • Disparities in coverage exist across different geographic areas and demographic factors.
  • Continued monitoring of vaccination coverage is essential to identify and address gaps.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...