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Differential changes of lung diffusing capacity and tissue volume in hypergravity.

Malin Rohdin1, Dag Linnarsson

  • 1Section of Environmental Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Malin.Rohdin@fyfa.ki.se

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|August 17, 2002
PubMed
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In hypergravity, lung diffusing capacity (DLCO) decreased while lung tissue volume (LTV) increased in seated subjects. This suggests blood sequestration in the lungs, impacting gas exchange efficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiopulmonary Function
  • Gravitational Biology

Background:

  • Lung diffusing capacity (DLCO) and lung tissue volume (LTV), including pulmonary capillary blood volume, typically change together in normal gravity.
  • Hypergravity is hypothesized to cause peripheral blood pooling and reduced central blood volume, potentially affecting DLCO and LTV.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for assessing respiratory function under altered gravitational conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of hypergravity on lung diffusing capacity (DLCO) and lung tissue volume (LTV) in seated human subjects.
  • To determine if DLCO and LTV change in concert or independently under increased gravitational stress.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of observed changes in pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange.

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Main Methods:

  • Nine healthy subjects were exposed to 1, 2, and 3 Gz+ (head-to-feet direction) in a human centrifuge.
  • Subjects rebreathed a gas mixture containing acetylene and carbon monoxide to measure DLCO.
  • Lung tissue volume (LTV) was calculated, likely using plethysmography or imaging techniques, alongside DLCO measurements.

Main Results:

  • DLCO significantly decreased with increasing Gz+, from 25.2 ml.min⁻¹.mbar⁻¹ at 1 G to 16.7 ml.min⁻¹.mbar⁻¹ at 3 G (P < 0.001).
  • LTV significantly increased with hypergravity, from 541 ml at 1 G to 756 ml at 3 G (P < 0.001).
  • DLCO decreased despite increased pulmonary capillary blood volume, indicating altered distribution and potentially impaired gas exchange.

Conclusions:

  • Hypergravity causes blood sequestration in dependent pulmonary circulation, similar to systemic effects.
  • The observed decrease in DLCO, despite increased LTV, suggests a less homogeneous distribution of alveolar volume relative to pulmonary capillary blood volume.
  • These findings highlight significant alterations in cardiopulmonary function under hypergravity conditions.