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Multiple sclerosis in Malta in 1999: an update.

G Dean1, M Elian, A Galea de Bono

  • 1Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland Central Middlesex Hospital, London, UK St Luke's Hospital, Guardamangia, Malta Department of Health Information, Guardamangia, Malta. hrb@hrb.ie

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|August 20, 2002
PubMed
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Malta shows a low prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS), with updated figures revealing 16.7 per 100,000. This study compares current MS rates to a previous assessment from 21 years prior.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Previous studies indicated a remarkably low prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Malta.
  • A significant increase in age groups at high risk for MS has occurred over the past 21 years.
  • Improved diagnostic methods and increased life expectancy may influence prevalence rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the current prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Malta.
  • To compare the current MS prevalence with data from a study conducted 21 years earlier.

Main Methods:

  • Review of death certificates for MS diagnoses since the last study.
  • Data collection from various health sources including hospital records, MS Society, and diagnostic studies (MRI, CSF, evoked responses).
  • Prevalence calculated on January 1, 1999, using the Poser classification.

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Main Results:

  • The prevalence of clinically definite MS (CDMS) was 13.2/100,000, and combined CDMS and clinically probable MS (CPMS) was 16.7/100,000.
  • Annual incidence of MS was found to be 0.7/100,000.
  • Immigrants showed a higher prevalence of CDMS (166/100,000) compared to the general population.

Conclusions:

  • Malta continues to exhibit a low prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The low prevalence in Malta, relative to other Mediterranean regions, presents a unique opportunity to investigate genetic and environmental factors contributing to MS.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the specific factors influencing MS rates in this population.