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Poliovirus transcytosis through M-like cells
Laurent Ouzilou1, Elise Caliot1, Isabelle Pelletier1
1Génétique Virale-NRSN, Département Neuroscience1, Interactions Lymphoépithéliales2 and Plate-forme de microscopie électronique3, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
Abstract:
During the digestive-tract phase of infection, poliovirus (PV) is found in the oropharynx and the intestine. It has been proposed that PV enters the organism by crossing M cells, which are scattered in the epithelial sheet covering lymphoid follicles of Peyer's patches. However, PV translocation through M cells has never been demonstrated. A model of M-like cells has been previously developed using monolayers of polarized Caco-2 enterocytes cocultured with lymphocytes isolated from Peyer's patches. In this model, lymphoepithelial interactions trigger the appearance of epithelial cells having morphological and functional characteristics of M cells. We have demonstrated efficient, temperature-dependent PV transcytosis in Caco-2 cell monolayers containing M-like cells. This experimental evidence is consistent with M cells serving as gateways allowing PV access to the basal face of enterocytes, the underlying immune follicle cells, and PV transport toward mesenteric lymph nodes.
Insights
Poliovirus (PV) efficiently crosses M-like cells in the gut, demonstrating how the virus enters the body. This finding supports M cells as key entry points for poliovirus infection.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Poliovirus (PV) infects the digestive tract, but its entry mechanism remains unclear.
- M cells in Peyer's patches are hypothesized as entry points for PV.
- Previous studies lacked direct evidence of PV translocation through M cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate poliovirus (PV) translocation through M cells.
- To investigate the role of M-like cells in PV entry into the host.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a Caco-2 enterocyte and Peyer's patch lymphocyte co-culture model to generate M-like cells.
- Assessed PV transcytosis across these M-like cell monolayers.
- Evaluated the temperature-dependent nature of PV transport.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated efficient, temperature-dependent PV transcytosis across M-like cell monolayers.
- Provided experimental evidence for PV crossing M cells.
- Showed PV access to the basal side of enterocytes and underlying immune cells.
Conclusions:
- M cells act as critical gateways for poliovirus (PV) entry into the host.
- PV translocation via M cells facilitates transport to mesenteric lymph nodes.
- This study validates the M-like cell model for studying viral gut entry.