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Cost-effectiveness and choice of infant transport systems
Shoo K Lee1, John A F Zupancic, Joanna Sale
1Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. shool@interchange.ubc.ca
Insights
The Registered Nurse (RN) model for infant transport is generally the most cost-effective. However, the Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) model may be cheaper for high-volume, long-duration transports.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal care
- Health economics
- Transport medicine
Background:
- Infant transport systems are crucial for neonatal care.
- Choosing the optimal transport model impacts both patient outcomes and healthcare costs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the cost-effectiveness of three infant transport models: Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT), Registered Nurses (RN), and Combined Teams (CT).
- To develop a decision model for selecting the most appropriate transport system.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, multicenter observational study involving 1931 infants transported to Canadian NICUs.
- Cost-effectiveness analysis from a third-party payer perspective.
- Analysis of Transport Risk Index of Physiologic Stability (TRIPS) scores and transport costs.
Main Results:
- Infant's physiologic stability change (TRIPS) was not significantly influenced by transport team type (EMT, RN, CT).
- The RN model demonstrated the lowest cost in most scenarios.
- The EMT model became more cost-effective at high transport volumes and long transport durations.
Conclusions:
- A decision-analytic model can effectively guide the selection of cost-effective infant transport systems.
- Transport cost drivers include volume, personnel wages, and waiting time utilization.
Objective:
To compare cost-effectiveness of three types of infant transport models (Emergency Medical Technicians [EMT], Registered Nurses [RN], or Combined Teams [CT] of RNs and Respiratory Therapists) and to derive a decision model to guide choice of a transport system.
Research Design:
A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted to compare infant physiologic status before and after transport. Cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the third-party payer, sensitivity analysis and threshold analysis were performed.
Subjects:
All (n = 1931) out born infants with complete transport data admitted to 11 regional tertiary-level Canadian NICUs from January 1996 to October 1997.
Measures:
Change in Transport Risk Index of Physiologic Stability (TRIPS) Score before and after transport, transport costs.
Results:
Change in TRIPS was predicted by gestational age at transport, transport duration, and pretransport TRIPS score, but not the type (EMT, RN, CT) of transport team, mode (air/ground) or direction (forward/retrograde) of transport, presence of a physician, and other baseline population risks (sex, small for gestational age, antenatal corticosteroid treatment, Apgar score). The RN model is least costly under most assumptions. At high transport volumes (>2760 transports per year) and long average transport times (>6.8 h per transport), the EMT model was less costly. Cost drivers of transport were volume of transport, relative wages of transport personnel, and percent of waiting time dedicated to infant transport.
Conclusions:
A deterministic decision-analytic model can be used to model transport cost-effectiveness and derive a threshold analytic chart for identifying the least costly transport model.