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Transboundary atmospheric lead pollution.

Yigal Erel1, Tamar Axelrod, Alain Veron

  • 1Institute of Earth Sciences, The Multi-Disciplinary Center for Environmental Research, Faculty of Agriculture, and Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. yerel@vms.huji.ac.il

Environmental Science & Technology
|August 22, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Atmospheric lead in Jerusalem originates from both local sources and distant countries. Foreign lead transport significantly contributes to Jerusalem

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Isotope Geochemistry

Background:

  • Aerosol sampling in urban environments is crucial for understanding air pollution.
  • Lead (Pb) isotopes serve as powerful tracers for identifying pollution sources.
  • Jerusalem's air quality may be influenced by both local emissions and long-range transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of atmospheric lead in Jerusalem using high-temporal resolution sampling.
  • To differentiate between locally emitted lead and lead transported from foreign sources.
  • To quantify the contribution of foreign lead to the overall atmospheric lead burden in Jerusalem.

Main Methods:

  • High-temporal resolution aerosol sampling in Jerusalem.
  • Analysis of stable lead isotopes (206Pb/207Pb ratios) and lead concentrations.

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  • Utilized synoptic data and atmospheric modeling to identify transport pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Fifty-seven percent of samples showed significant fractions of foreign atmospheric lead.
    • Foreign lead isotopes (206Pb/207Pb) deviated substantially from local petrol-lead values.
    • Foreign lead concentrations averaged 23 ± 17 ng/m3, comparable to local lead (21 ± 18 ng/m3).

    Conclusions:

    • Atmospheric lead in Jerusalem is a mixture of local anthropogenic sources and transboundary pollution.
    • Foreign lead, likely from Egypt, Turkey, and Eastern Europe, significantly impacts Jerusalem's air.
    • The atmospheric load of foreign lead is comparable to that of local lead in Jerusalem.