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Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Clinical Application of Phase Angle and BIVA Z-Score Analyses in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department with Acute Heart Failure
Published on: June 30, 2023
Difficult cases in heart failure: Atrioventricular interval optimization utilizing thoracic electrical bioimpedance
C Young1, F W Smart, H O Ventura
1Tulane University Medical Center, 1415 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112.
Abstract:
The authors describe the use of thoracic electrical bioimpedance, a noninvasive, simple, low risk technique to optimize atrioventricular delay in a patient with a dual chamber pacemaker, right ventricular infarct, and symptoms NYHA functional class III-IV. Optimization of the atrioventricular interval was associated with improvement of hemodynamic parameters and resolution of the symptoms of heart failure. The application of noninvasive hemodynamic parameters might have a great deal of impact in the management of patients with several cardiovascular diseases. Multicenter studies are underway. (c)1999 by CHF, Inc.
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