Stimuli from conspecifics influence brain mast cell population in male rats

It is well established that mast cells occur within the brain of many species, and that the brain mast cell population is not static, but changes with the behavioral and physiological state of the animal. In this study, we tested whether exposure to conspecifics alters the number of brain mast cells in male rats, and then investigated the nature of stimuli influencing the changes observed in the number and localization of brain mast cells. Five days of cohabitation with an ovariectomized, estrogen-progesterone (OVX + EP)-treated female resulted in the largest number of thalamic mast cells, while pairing with such a female physically separated by a wire mesh or with a novel male produced a smaller, but significant increase over other pairings (OVX females for 5 days, OVX and OVX + EP females for 1 day, familiar or isolated males for 5 days). In all groups, mast cells were localized within specific dorsal thalamic nuclei, including the paraventricular nucleus, anterior nuclear group, or mediodorsal, ventroposterior, or medial geniculate nuclei. The results suggest that the behavioral and/or endocrine factors associated with cohabitation with conspecifics are sufficient to alter the number of brain mast cell-specific nuclei in the thalami of male rats and thus can provide targeted delivery of neuromodulators to specific regions of the brain that process information concerning the normal physiological state of the animal.