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Updated: Aug 1, 2026

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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
Published on: January 28, 2010
[Development and evaluation of the multidimensional German pain questionnaire]
B Nagel1, H U Gerbershagen, G Lindena
1DRK Schmerz-Zentrum Mainz,Germany.
Summary
The German pain questionnaire (DSF) is a validated tool for assessing multidimensional pain experiences. It reliably captures patient data for quality assessment and follow-up studies.
Area of Science:
- Pain Medicine
- Psychometrics
- Health Services Research
Context:
- The German pain questionnaire (DSF) was developed by the German Chapter of the International Association for the Study of Pain (DGSS).
- It is based on a bio-psycho-social model of pain.
- The DSF aims to standardize pain assessment for improved management and quality assurance.
Purpose:
- To present the development and validation of the German pain questionnaire (DSF).
- To highlight the DSF's modular structure and comprehensive assessment capabilities.
- To establish the DSF as a reliable and valid instrument for multidimensional pain evaluation.
Summary:
- The DSF includes demographic data, pain characteristics, associated symptoms, quality of pain, influencing factors, treatment history, disability, depression (CES-D), comorbidities, social factors, and quality of life (SF-36).
- Validation involved approximately 3000 patients, demonstrating good content validity and excellent reliability when compared to external criteria.
- Patients found the DSF comprehensive and easy to understand, confirming its practicability.
Impact:
- The DSF provides indispensable data for follow-up studies and internal/external quality assessments in pain management.
- It serves as a core instrument in the DGSS's

