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Speech and language outcomes of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Barbara A Lewis1, Lynn T Singer, Sarah Fulton
1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Behavioral Pediatrics and Psychology 6038, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. bxl@po.cwru.edu
Insights
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants can negatively impact speech, language, and motor skills by age eight. Children with BPD showed poorer outcomes than VLBW peers without BPD.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Speech-Language Pathology
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting premature infants.
- Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at increased risk for BPD and subsequent developmental challenges.
- Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for VLBW infants with BPD require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the 8-year developmental outcomes of VLBW infants with and without BPD against a term control group.
- To identify specific areas of development affected by BPD in VLBW survivors.
- To understand the impact of BPD on speech, language, cognitive, and motor skills.
Main Methods:
- A prospective follow-up study involving 8-year-old children.
- Three groups were assessed: VLBW with BPD (n=89), VLBW without BPD (n=71), and term controls (n=93).
- Evaluations included articulation, receptive/expressive language, IQ (verbal/performance), oral motor, and gross/fine motor skills.
Main Results:
- The BPD group exhibited deficits in articulation, receptive language, performance IQ, and motor skills compared to both VLBW and term groups.
- No significant differences were found between BPD and VLBW groups in expressive language, oral motor skills, or verbal IQ.
- Enrollment in special education and speech-language therapy was significantly higher in the BPD group (48%) than the VLBW (21%) and term (9%) groups.
Conclusions:
- BPD adversely affects speech development, receptive language, performance IQ, and motor skills in VLBW survivors, beyond the effects of VLBW alone.
- These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions for VLBW infants with BPD.
- Early identification and support are crucial for improving long-term developmental trajectories.
Unlabelled:
A prospective follow-up of very low birth weight infants (VLBW) with (n = 89) and without (n = 71) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and Term control children (n = 93) was conducted at 8 years of age. Groups were compared on measures of articulation, receptive and expressive language, verbal and performance IQ, oral motor skills and gross and fine motor skills. The BPD group demonstrated reduced articulation, receptive language skills, performance IQ, and overall gross and fine motor skills when compared to VLBW and Term groups. The BPD and VLBW groups did not differ on expressive language, oral motor skills, or verbal IQ. The groups also differed in enrollment in special classes and speech-language therapy, with almost half (48%) of the BPD group enrolled in speech-language therapy compared to 21% of the VLBW group, and 9% of the Term group. These results suggest that BPD may have adverse effects on speech development as well as on performance IQ, motor skills, and receptive language over and above the effects of VLBW.
Learning Outcomes:
(1) As a result of this activity the reader will be able to describe what BPD is and how it impacts speech and language. (2) As a result of this activity the reader will be able to discuss how children with VLBW with BPD differ from children with VLBW without BPD in their developmental outcomes.