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Related Concept Videos

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
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The Pituitary Gland01:17

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Lumber Defects01:23

Lumber Defects

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Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability.
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Electric Field01:16

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Consider two point charges, each exerting Coulomb force on the other. It is possible to describe the Coulomb interaction via an intermediate step by defining a new physical quantity called the electric field.
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Magnetic Fields01:27

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome
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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome

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Visual field defects in non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Ravi Thomas1, Kashinatha Shenoy, Mandalam S Seshadri

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500 034, India. ravithomas@lvpeye.stph.net

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 27, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual field loss is common in non-functioning pituitary adenomas, with severe defects affecting multiple quadrants. Tumor size significantly correlates with the severity of these visual field defects.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) can cause significant visual impairment.
  • Understanding the pattern and prevalence of visual field loss is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of visual field loss in NFPAs.
  • To investigate the relationship between NFPA tumor size and the severity of visual field defects.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-three patients with NFPAs underwent ophthalmic assessment and automated perimetry.
  • Tumor size was measured using CT or MRI scans.
  • Statistical analysis, including the Chi-square test for trend, was used to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • A high prevalence of visual field defects (94.6%) was observed in patients with NFPAs.
  • Severe typical defects, impacting at least three quadrants, were the most frequent finding.
  • Tumor volume was significantly associated with increased severity of visual field defects (p = 0.0096).

Conclusions:

  • Visual field defects are highly prevalent in patients with NFPAs.
  • Tumor size is a significant predictor of visual field defect severity.
  • A substantial proportion of patients experienced atypical visual field defects.