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Related Experiment Videos

Individual and developmental differences in working memory across the life span.

L Jenkins1, J Myerson, S Hale

  • 1jenkinsl@uncwil.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|August 30, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Working memory performance changes with age, but interference effects do not systematically change. Surprisingly, larger memory spans correlated with greater interference, challenging inhibition-based theories of working memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory capacity is crucial for cognitive tasks.
  • Age-related changes in working memory are well-documented.
  • The role of interference and inhibition in working memory is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of secondary tasks on verbal and spatial working memory across the lifespan.
  • To examine age-related changes in working memory interference.
  • To explore individual differences in working memory and their relationship with interference.

Main Methods:

  • Tested verbal and spatial working memory in child, young adult, and older adult samples.
  • Introduced secondary tasks to measure interference effects.

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  • Analyzed memory span and interference magnitude in relation to age and individual differences.

    • Main Results:

    • Memory span increased with age in children and decreased in adults.
    • Interference effects showed little systematic change with age.
    • Individuals with larger baseline memory spans exhibited greater interference.

    Conclusions:

    • Age and individual differences in working memory may rely on distinct mechanisms.
    • Findings challenge the hypothesis that inhibition solely explains working memory differences.
    • A model proposing independent roles for memory span and processing speed is suggested.