Systematic ultrasound screening as a significant tool for early detection of thyroid carcinoma in Belarus

We report the results of ultrasound screening of the thyroid gland in 3,051 Belarus children 4-14 years of age exposed to radioactive fallout due to the Chernobyl accident. Screening was performed in 1990, 1993 and 1998. The study demonstrated that with time the prevalence of thyroid nodules in this contaminated region increased from 1.2% to 3.5%, mostly due to pathologically verified nodular goiter and non-verified small solid nodules and cysts. In contrast, the prevalence of thyroid carcinoma decreased from 0.6% in 1990 to 0.3% in 1993. We found 15 patients with carcinoma. On analysis of the ultrasound pattern of all carcinomas, we observed nodular and diffuse variants. Thus, we can conclude that systematic ultrasound screening is useful for the early detection of thyroid carcinoma in the population of Belarus exposed to radiation due to the Chernobyl accident.