Effect of immersion angle of a one-face sealed quartz crystal microbalance in liquid

The effect of the immersion angle theta of the QCM in a liquid was investigated using the impedance analyzer. In the QCM, with the two faces in contact with a liquid, the resonant frequency shift deltaF was independent of theta and was dependent on only the number of faces in contact with a liquid. On the other hand, in the QCM, with the one face in contact with a liquid, it became clear that deltaF depended on theta and had the largest value at theta = 90 degrees and the smallest value at theta = 0 degrees. We also presented the simple model of deltaF in the QCM with the one face in contact with a liquid on the basis of experimental results.