Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 29, 2026

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles (PPAs) and Related Biomaterials
Published on: June 25, 2018
Amino acid bromides: their N-protection and use in the synthesis of peptides with extremely difficult sequences
Alma DalPozzo1, Minghong Ni, Laura Muzi
1G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Abstract:
N(alpha)-Protected alpha-amino acid bromides were easily generated in situ with 1-bromo-N,N-2-trimethyl-1-propenylamine from the corresponding amino acids under very mild conditions. o-Nbs and the azido moieties proved to be compatible with these overactivated halides and were successfully applied in difficult peptide bond formations. N-Deprotection methods and the total step-by-step solution synthesis of a peptide containing up to seven consecutive L-(alphaMe)Valine residues are also reported. The assembly of this homopeptide was achieved in a short time and in very high yields by the azido/bromide system in a single repetitive operation.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Preparation of Amides
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...

