Composition options for tissue-engineered bone

The logical assembly of tissue-engineered bone is ultimately directed by the clinical status of the patient. The basic elements for tissue-engineered bone should include signaling molecules, cells, and extracellular matrix. The assembly of these basic elements may need to be modified by tissue engineers to account for patient variables of age, gender, health, systemic conditions, habits, and anatomical implant. Moreover, different regions of the body will have different functional loads and vascularity. This review discusses several basic options that may be necessary to engineer bone, including spatial and temporal assembly of signaling factors, cells, and biomimetic extracellular matrices. Moreover, the importance of the health care status of the patient who may be receiving the tissue-engineered composition is emphasized.