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Hormesis and high-risk groups.

Edward J Calabrese1, Linda A Baldwin

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003-5712, USA. edwardc@schoolph.umass.edu

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP
|August 31, 2002
PubMed
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Hormesis, a low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition response, is common in both susceptible and resistant organisms. Differential susceptibility to toxicants may stem from factors beyond the hormetic response itself.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Hormesis describes dose-response relationships with low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition.
  • This phenomenon is generalizable across experimental models, agents, and endpoints.
  • Its implications are significant for current risk assessment practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and characteristics of hormesis in high-risk subpopulations and susceptible species.
  • To determine if differential susceptibility is linked to the absence of hormetic responses.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of published scientific literature on hormetic dose-response relationships.
  • Comparative analysis of hormetic characteristics across species and individuals with varying toxicant susceptibility.

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Main Results:

  • Hormetic dose-response relationships exhibit similar quantitative characteristics across species and individuals with differing toxicant susceptibility.
  • The cause of differential susceptibility in more susceptible organisms is likely due to factors other than the absence of a hormetic response.
  • Some strains or individuals may lack the capacity for low-dose stimulatory responses.

Conclusions:

  • Hormetic responses are common and quantitatively similar in both susceptible and resistant organisms.
  • Differential susceptibility to xenobiotics is influenced by various factors, including the capacity to display hormetic effects.
  • The capacity for hormesis should be considered in hazard assessment processes.