Secondary hyperparathyroidism and its therapy as a cardiovascular risk factor among end-stage renal disease patients

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) was initially viewed as a disorder of the skeletal system; however, recent population-based data have associated markers of HPTH with an increased cardiovascular mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This has stimulated much interest in further evaluating secondary HPTH as a cardiovascular disease risk factor, as well as the putative role of its therapy. This article explores the current state of scientific evidence concerning the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease among the ESRD population and potential risk factors for its development, including markers of HPTH, and its therapies.