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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
10:46

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 16, 2013

2',5'-Dihydroxychalcone down-regulates endothelial connexin43 gap junctions and affects MAP kinase activation.

Yi-Nan Lee1, Hung-I Yeh, Tin-Yi Tian

  • 1Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Junior College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

Toxicology
|September 3, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

2

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An Iodide-Yellow Fluorescent Protein-Gap Junction-Intercellular Communication Assay
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Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption
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Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells
10:46

Mechanical Stimulation-induced Calcium Wave Propagation in Cell Monolayers: The Example of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells

Published on: July 16, 2013

An Iodide-Yellow Fluorescent Protein-Gap Junction-Intercellular Communication Assay
09:47

An Iodide-Yellow Fluorescent Protein-Gap Junction-Intercellular Communication Assay

Published on: February 1, 2019

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption
09:20

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption

Published on: October 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Connexin43 (Cx43) is crucial for gap-junctional communication in endothelial cells.
  • Dysregulation of Cx43 impacts vascular function.
  • Chalcones are plant-derived compounds with potential biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone on Cx43 expression and function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including the involvement of MAP kinase signaling and proteolysis pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Dose-dependent analysis of Cx43 expression.
  • Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to assess gap-junctional communication.
  • Investigation of MAP kinase activation and proteolysis pathways using specific inhibitors and varying fetal calf serum (FCS) concentrations.

Main Results:

  • 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone significantly reduced Cx43 expression and gap-junctional communication in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner.
  • The compound's effect on Cx43 was blocked by protease inhibitors but not by a MAP kinase inhibitor (PD98059).
  • 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone exhibited dual effects on MAP kinase activation, inhibiting it at low FCS levels and activating it at high FCS levels.

Conclusions:

  • 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone down-regulates Cx43 expression and gap-junctional communication in HUVECs primarily by enhancing proteolysis.
  • The compound has complex, concentration-dependent effects on MAP kinase activation.