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Related Experiment Videos

Diagnostic techniques to detect cryptic leishmaniasis in dogs.

Laura Iniesta1, Salceda Fernández-Barredo, Béatrice Bulle

  • 1Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology
|September 3, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Detecting canine leishmaniasis is challenging. While immunological tests struggle to distinguish infected from non-infected dogs, culture and PCR offer more reliable diagnostic methods for Leishmania infantum.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Canine leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum, is prevalent in endemic regions like Spain.
  • Detecting asymptomatic infections is crucial for disease control.
  • Various diagnostic techniques exist, but their efficacy in cryptic cases needs evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of different diagnostic methods for detecting cryptic Leishmania infantum infections in dogs.
  • To identify the most reliable techniques for differentiating infected from non-infected asymptomatic dogs.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of immunological assays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), Western blotting (WB), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation (LPL).

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  • Comparison with parasitological and molecular methods: culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • Study conducted in dogs from a highly endemic area in Spain.

    • Main Results:

    • Immunological techniques (ELISA, IFAT, WB, DTH, LPL) showed limited ability to clearly differentiate between infected and non-infected asymptomatic dogs.
    • Culture and PCR demonstrated higher reliability in detecting Leishmania infantum in asymptomatic canine populations.
    • The study identified challenges in diagnosing subclinical or cryptic leishmaniasis.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunological diagnostic tools are insufficient for accurately identifying cryptic canine leishmaniasis.
    • Culture and PCR are superior methods for diagnosing Leishmania infantum infection in asymptomatic dogs in endemic areas.
    • Further research may be needed to improve serological test specificity and sensitivity for cryptic cases.