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Local circuit properties underlying cortical reorganization.

Peter W Hickmott1, Michael M Merzenich

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA. Peter.hickmott@ucr.edu

Journal of Neurophysiology
|September 3, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral denervation reorganizes the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Local circuit changes in excitation and inhibition accompany this cortical plasticity, but the exact mechanisms and timing are complex and involve multiple processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Cortical Plasticity

Background:

  • Peripheral denervation induces somatotopic reorganization in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1).
  • The underlying mechanisms of this denervation-induced cortical plasticity remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in local circuit properties within rat S1 associated with denervation-induced plasticity.
  • To determine how excitation and inhibition are altered during the reorganization of cortical representations.

Main Methods:

  • A novel in vivo/in vitro preparation of adult rat S1 was utilized.
  • Deafferentation was induced by cutting forelimb nerves (radial and median), followed by whole-cell recording in marked cortical regions.
  • Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were evoked and compared between original and reorganized border sites.

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Main Results:

  • Denervation caused a rapid shift in the forepaw/lower jaw border in S1, increasing over 28 days.
  • At the novel reorganized border, PSPs and IPSPs were generally smaller with cross-border stimulation, similar to normal borders.
  • The suppressed original border site showed no such bias, and dissociations between local circuit changes and border presence were observed over time.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in local circuit properties, including excitation and inhibition, reflect large-scale cortical reorganization after denervation.
  • Multiple intracortical processes contribute to cortical reorganization over time.
  • Excitation and inhibition may play differential roles in the temporal dynamics of cortical plasticity.