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Microbiological problems of manned space flight.

J Spizizen1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, Calif., USA.

Life Sciences and Space Research
|January 1, 1971
PubMed
Summary
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Infectious disease poses a significant risk during long space missions due to the unique spacecraft environment. Pre-flight immune assessment and isolation are crucial for astronaut health and mission success.

Area of Science:

  • Space medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Astronaut health

Background:

  • Long-duration manned space flight presents unique environmental challenges.
  • Spacecraft conditions like confinement, waste disposal, zero gravity, and high oxygen favor microorganism transmission.
  • Microbial flora alterations can impact host defenses and potentially lead to disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the hazard of infectious disease in long-duration manned space flight.
  • To analyze the influence of the spacecraft environment on microbial transmission and host defenses.
  • To recommend pre-flight strategies for mitigating infectious disease risks.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of known factors influencing microbial transmission in enclosed environments.

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  • Analysis of potential effects of spaceflight conditions on microbial genetics and host immunity.
  • Review of existing knowledge gaps regarding space environment and infection.

    • Main Results:

    • Spacecraft environments inherently promote microorganism transmission and alteration of microbial flora.
    • Changes in microbial flora may compromise host defenses and increase susceptibility to infection.
    • Unique space conditions could induce genetic variants in microorganisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Pre-flight assessment of immune status is recommended for astronauts.
    • A graduated pre-flight isolation period is advised to manage microbial flora and prevent infections.
    • Further research is needed to understand the unpredictable influence of spacecraft environments on host defenses.