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Optimal age for measles vaccination.

C Vidyashankar1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Armed Force Medical College, Pune.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|September 11, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Maternal measles antibodies wane early, before six months. Measles vaccination at six months shows low seroconversion, necessitating a booster dose at 15 months for sustained immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Maternal antibodies wane significantly before 6 months of age.
  • Early childhood antibody levels are crucial for vaccine efficacy.
  • Understanding antibody dynamics informs vaccination schedules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess anti-measles antibody levels (IgG and IgM) in children aged 6-12 months before and after measles vaccination.
  • To evaluate seroconversion rates following the Schwarz measles vaccine strain.
  • To determine the optimal timing for measles vaccination and potential booster doses.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique used to measure IgG and IgM antibodies.
  • Two groups of 75 sex-matched children were studied: 6-9 months (Group I) and >9-12 months (Group II).
  • Antibody levels were measured pre-vaccination and at 4 weeks and 6 months post-vaccination.

Main Results:

  • Pre-vaccination IgG antibodies were present in 66% of Group I and 0% of Group II, indicating early waning of maternal immunity.
  • Anti-measles IgM antibodies increased post-vaccination and decreased by 6 months in both groups.
  • Significant increases in anti-measles IgG antibodies were observed in both groups post-vaccination, with a higher increase noted in the older Group II.
  • Seroconversion rates at 6 months post-vaccination were low in the 6-month-old group.

Conclusions:

  • Measles antibody protection wanes early in infancy.
  • Vaccination at 6 months yields suboptimal seroconversion.
  • A booster dose of measles vaccine at 15 months is recommended to ensure adequate and sustained protection.

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