Management of low back pain

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Radiology
• Pain Management

Background:

• Back pain is a prevalent global health issue, frequently lacking a specific etiological diagnosis.
• Numerous conditions, including trauma, infections, malignancy, rheumatological, neurological, and degenerative diseases, can manifest as back pain.
• Systemic illnesses can also contribute to the development of back pain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the diagnostic importance of radiological studies in identifying causes of back pain.
• To review the spectrum of non-surgical and surgical treatment modalities for back pain.

Main Methods:

• Diagnostic workup involves various radiological procedures such as plain radiographs, myelography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone scintigraphy.
• Treatment strategies encompass non-surgical approaches including rest, pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and injection therapy.
• Surgical interventions are considered for specific conditions and may involve disc surgery, spinal canal widening, spinal fusion, or tumor/sequestrated disc removal.

Main Results:

• Radiological imaging plays a critical role in diagnosing the underlying causes of back pain.
• A comprehensive range of treatment options exists, tailored to the specific diagnosis and patient condition.
• Both conservative and interventional (surgical) management strategies are available for addressing back pain.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of back pain necessitates accurate diagnosis, often guided by advanced radiological assessments.
• Treatment selection is individualized, ranging from conservative measures to surgical procedures.
• Further research may elucidate the specific etiologies of idiopathic back pain and refine treatment protocols.