Asymptomatic haematuria in children

Asymptomatic haematuria is not an uncommon problem in children and adolescents. Isolated haematuria even when gross is less sinister than haematuria associated with proteinuria. Extensive evaluation is usually not necessary in such cases and they can generally be followed up after careful evaluation to rule out urinary tract infection, hypercalciuria, familial (benign) haematuria, and structural abnormalities (cysts, stones, obstruction, Wilms' tumour). Patients with various forms of glomerulonephrtis usually have associated proteinuria and may require renal biopsy. Intravenous pyelography, cystoscopy and renal angiography should be carried out when very clearly indicated.