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Related Experiment Videos

Orbitofrontal cortex mediates inhibition of return.

T L Hodgson1, D Mort, M M Chamberlain

  • 1Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, Charing Cross Campus, 10th Floor East Wing, Saint Dunstans Road, London W6 8RP, UK. t.hodgson@ic.ac.uk

Neuropsychologia
|September 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Orbitofrontal cortex damage impairs behavioral control based on emotional feedback. Patients fail to inhibit actions toward negatively reinforced locations, impacting search and foraging behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in regulating behavior based on emotional feedback and somatic signals.
  • Understanding the OFC's role is crucial for explaining decision-making and adaptive behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the orbitofrontal cortex in mediating behavioral control contingent on reward feedback.
  • To examine how OFC damage affects sensory-motor mapping, inhibition of return, and foraging strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A patient with circumscribed orbitofrontal cortex damage performed a task requiring switching between sensory-motor mappings based on reward feedback.
  • Performance was compared to normal subjects and patients with other prefrontal damage.

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  • Behavioral measures included eye movement latencies, inhibition of return, ocular refixations, and foraging strategy efficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • The patient with OFC damage did not exhibit the reward-dependent inhibition of return effect observed in controls.
    • This patient showed increased ocular refixations and a disorganized search strategy during visual search and foraging tasks.
    • Normal subjects and other prefrontal patients demonstrated increased saccade latencies to locations associated with negative feedback.

    Conclusions:

    • Orbital prefrontal cortex regions mediate an inhibitory effect on actions directed towards locations associated with negative reinforcement.
    • This OFC-mediated inhibitory mechanism is vital for controlling natural search and foraging behaviors.
    • OFC damage disrupts adaptive behavioral regulation in response to negative outcomes.