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Body composition in early onset eating disorders.

D Nicholls1, J C Wells, A Singhal

  • 1Brain and Behavioural Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK. d.nicholls@ich.ucl.ac.uk

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|September 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Body composition in children with eating disorders shows reduced fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) in malnutrition-related conditions like anorexia nervosa (AN). Normal-weight eating disorders did not significantly differ from healthy children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Body mass index (BMI) is widely used for body composition in pediatric eating disorders but cannot differentiate fat from fat-free mass.
  • This limitation hinders accurate assessment in disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare height-adjusted fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) in children and adolescents with various eating disorders against age-matched healthy children.
  • To investigate body composition differences in pediatric eating disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Measured weight, height, and skinfold thickness in 172 children (7-16 years) with eating disorders.
  • Calculated FMI and FFMI using established equations, normalized for height.
  • Compared patient data against UK reference curves for FMI and FFMI derived from 157 healthy children.

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Main Results:

  • Both FMI and FFMI were significantly reduced in eating disorders associated with malnutrition, including anorexia nervosa (AN).
  • AN subjects showed no difference from other malnourished subjects.
  • Children with normal-weight eating disorders (e.g., bulimia nervosa, selective eating) did not differ from reference children in relative fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM).

Conclusions:

  • Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) should be considered independently in pediatric malnutrition disorders, rather than relying solely on percentage body fat or BMI.
  • Further research is needed to understand the impact of FFM loss on growth and development in children with eating disorders.